Revista de Geografía Espacios

Editorial

2022-09-08T12:23:43+00:00

El número 23 de la Revista Espacios de Geografía corresponde al Dossier Migración y espacio. Vida cotidiana, prácticas socioespaciales y habitar migrante. El número surge como iniciativa de colaboración entre los proyectos Fondecyt de Regular Nº 12107439 “Construyendo sujetos-ciudadanos: migración, prácticas residenciales y tecnologías de gobierno en el Cran Santiago” y el proyecto Fondecyt de Iniciaicón11221248 “Vida cotidiana y espacio doméstico en contexto de pandemia: redefiniciones del habitar de migrantes haitianos en campamentos y barrios de Estación Central y Quilicura”.

Effects of the pandemic on daily life and migrant habitation, views from the case of the Coquimbo Region, Chile.

2022-09-01T04:06:41+00:00

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought with it various effects on the daily life and living conditions of migrants in the Coquimbo Region. This article, based on the results obtained in the framework of the regional study "Migratory Situation in the Coquimbo Region, in the context of the Pandemic", seeks to understand the effects related to labor precariousness and, consequently, the growing difficulty for migrants to access housing in a highly exclusionary housing market, In the face of which alternatives arise as subsistence mechanisms within an informal housing market that means living in highly densified spaces and in overcrowded conditions, or the arrival to self-construction territories such as "land seizures" and "housing camps".

"Ahora puedo respirar"; espera y autoconstrucción en el campamento Violeta Parra.

2022-09-01T12:35:18+00:00

In this article I will describe the way in which the inhabitants of the Toma Violeta Parra of Cerro Navia signify their waiting processes within application to definitive social housing, physically built in the current location of the settlement .I challenge the conception of waiting as a passive and routine way of confronting state programs (Auyero, 2011), while reflecting on the effectiveness of the construction of forms of temporary contestation and their allusions to collective manifestations (Koppelman, 2018). Through my case study, I analyze the existence of collective networks of articulation that underlie individual experiences (Flaherty, 2011) and that bring with them internal articulations with the aim of mitigating the degrees of waiting on the part of the inhabitants. "Now I can breathe" one of the neighbors of the camp declares, after learning that she had been admitted as part of the housing project. After years of applying for her own home, she has been recognized as a beneficiary. Her’s is a recurring experience within the campamento , albeit one that is not shared by the entirety of the population of the settlement, a reality that is further complicated by the arrival of migrants to the Toma Violeta Parra.

This work addresses the link between waiting and self-construction. Why think about waiting from self-construction? We will understand this concept as a space that is available to collective organization, that is, as a way to resist state delays in the face of accessing definitive housing programmes, a process that is brewing little by little and in constant transformation (Caldeira, 2017).

As Palma and Pérez propose (2020) self-construction is consolidated as an exercise of rights by migrant inhabitants, in such a way that, through these, migrants generate specific practices and meanings associated with their recognition as resident citizens.

Espacializar la vida en una habitación: Personas migrantes y resignificaciones en torno a la vivienda y al espacio doméstico en Santiago central. Lo que la casa permite.

2022-09-01T04:07:08+00:00

The growing arrival of migrants to Santiago de Chile has radically modified the ways of understanding, occupying and signifying the private space of the city and at the same time has impacted spatial practices linked to the domestic sphere, through its relation to the situation of high mobility. However, the movements of meanings that occur in this context of living are unknown. The work addresses the spatial resignifications that pre-existing homes in Santiago and their domestic spaces experience with the arrival of migrants, based on a case study carried out between 2017 and 2019 in central Santiago, where an ethnographic, qualitative and interpretive approach of exploratory character. The effects that are established on the uses and meanings of housing in contexts of high mobility projects are considered, especially those on the original spaces and program and the configuration of space and domestic life. The findings show that migrants seek to spatialize life in spaces that allow constitutive spatial practices of their mobility projects. It is necessary to continue investigating the diversity of experiences of living as a migrant in Santiago, in order to validate these approaches.

The re-emergence of informal settlements in Santiago: migrants and Chileans self-building the city. The production of spaces with meaning as an answer for the housing crisis.

2022-09-01T05:07:39+00:00

El presente artículo busca abordar el fenómeno de aumento explosivo de familias viviendo en campamentos durante el 2020 como parte de la profundización de la problemática habitacional de la región Metropolitana. Para ello se presentan las percepciones sobre el accionar estatal, así como las condiciones habitacionales y significados atribuidos por habitantes de la toma de terreno “Nuevo amanecer” a su vida en dicho espacio. Lo cual fue realizado a través de una breve revisión histórica de la problemática habitacional en Santiago complementaria al enfoque etnográfico y análisis desde la teoría fundamentada de la información recopilada en el trabajo de campo. Se concluye que en el campamento emergen y se resignifican discursos y significados respecto a la crisis habitacional. Primero asociados a vivir en el campamento como una solución frente al problema de acceso a vivienda causados por responsabilidad estatal, pero que, en el transcurso de la existencia del asentamiento, los habitantes le han resignificado, tanto individual como colectivamente, por medio de la autoconstrucción, organización interna del campamento y la vida comunitaria, que han configurado una proyección de vida ligada a la estabilidad y tranquilidad derivadas de habitar en una vivienda propia, pese a su informalidad y a problemas de acceso a servicios básicos.

¿“Sólo un lugar de paso”? Evidencias de integración territorial de la población migrante haitiana en un distrito rural de la región de Valparaíso entre 2017 y 2021.

2022-09-01T22:18:55+00:00

El fenómeno migratorio internacional ha sido objeto de interés en investigaciones, debido al crecimiento que ha tenido en Chile en años recientes, entre ellos el de la población migrante de origen haitiano. Sin embargo, los estudios se han enfocado principalmente hacia sectores urbanos y no en rurales. En la literatura internacional se ha analizado esta temática en torno a casos de enclaves agro-productivos y migración internacional. En general, este vínculo se desarrolla en un marco de informalidad, explotación laboral y segregación espacial en el habitar, que ha desencadenado situaciones de conflictividad social entre migrantes y no migrantes, poniendo en el centro el concepto de integración. Por otra parte, la demanda estacional de trabajadores en la agricultura es una muestra de la intensificación de patrones de movilidad transnacionales los cuales, al contrario de lo que se ha pensado, refuerzan la noción de territorio desde una perspectiva multiescalar. Desde una aproximación etnográfica, este estudio tuvo como objetivo indagar en la integración territorial de población migrante haitiana en un distrito rural de la región de Valparaíso durante los años 2017 y 2021. Los resultados mostraron que, en principio, el vínculo cotidiano se centraba en espacios de trabajo de pequeña agricultura, generando altas expectativas para su permanencia de parte de agricultores no compartidas por trabajadores haitianos. Con el paso de los años se evidenció un desplazamiento general de migrantes hacia sectores urbanos y otras actividades, sin embargo, también se observaron evidencias de integración territorial derivadas de estas primeras experiencias, que conllevan un grado de apropiación territorial en torno al conocimiento de redes y dinámicas propias del territorio.

Registro de Vida: Santuario y Subjetividades de los Migrantes Venezolanos en la Frontera Colombiana

2022-09-01T04:58:18+00:00

In August 2015, the Venezuelan government closed the Colombian border, causing a disruption in the exchange of goods, services, and the free movement of people. This borderland community responded by reestablishing las trochas, or the trenches, a network of informal roads located surrounding La Raya, which is the road that passes through the Paraguachón migration checkpoint, as the only alternative to cross the border. Since 2015, Venezuelans migrants have used las trochas to flee their country. The public and state represents this space as a violent, lawless land, this phenomenon as a menace to the nation-state and citizenry, and these migrant bodies as victims, criminals, and objects. This narrative engenders xenophobia and justifies denying basic human rights to those that live in and pass through the border. To reduce this negative impact, this paper challenges these misrepresentations. I argue that La Raya is not a lawless land and that Venezuelan migrants are self-determining humans with social and political power. Also, I propose the concept of a new transmigrant citizen. These citizens possess multiple subjectivities and reinvent themselves as they pass through las trochas. In short, transmigrants recreate their own citizenship, and this invented citizenry produces sanctuary spaces outside the limits of the modern nation-state. I support this proposal via the oral histories of transmigrant Venezuelans that have crossed La Raya, as well as via interviews and photographs I collected during my work as a journalist during 2017. I apply theoretical frameworks from cultural criticism studies as well as from migration, space, and citizenship studies to demonstrate the resistance in La Raya by transmigrant Venezuelans. This reconceptualization of transmigrants aims to influence migration public policy at the state level.

Labor segregation in agricultural productions in Mendoza and Río Negro

2022-09-08T12:20:36+00:00

In this article we seek to highlight the incidence of the pandemic on seasonal agricultural workers, considering the contexts of origin and their strategies to move to distant places even during the pandemic; such as the historical conditions of precarious labor insertion in the places of destination. We are particularly interested in making visible the actions deployed by the producers of Cuyo and Patagonia to guarantee the necessary workforce under this particular context. The information we present was constructed from studies started more than 10 years ago in Mendoza and Río Negro, to analyze the presence of migrant workers in seasonal agricultural work, mainly in harvest activity, from ethnographic research approaches. We complement these journeys in the pandemic context from a triangulation of sources, which include monitoring the situation of the sector in the media and social networks, reviewing documents, participating in talks by specialists dealing with these issues, and interviews in depth through face-to-face, telephone or web-based talks. The results point to highlighting that, even when migrant workers became ‘indispensable / essential’ during the pandemic, the policies implemented were aimed at ensuring the availability of labor without modifying the historical precariousness in working conditions.